![]() ![]() ![]() The correct sequence of pressure build-up and release is controlled by a complex arrangement of hydraulic The bands are tightened round the ring gear to prevent it turning, and the clutches are used to lock the sun gear and planets. The locking sequences of the epicyclic gear train are achieved by hydraulic pressure operating Most automatic gearboxes have three forward speeds, and use two sets of epicyclic gears. The same effect can also be achieved by locking the planet gears to the planet carrier. The smaller diagrams show the direction taken by the hydraulic fluid under centrifugal The main components of a torque converter are shown in the diagram - the impeller, reactor (or The torque converter then acts as a fluid flywheel, connecting engine to gearbox. Once the engine speeds up and develops more power, the need for this torque amplification decreases and the reactor freewheels. The central reactor converts this turning effort by redirecting the flow of fluid back to the impeller to give higher torque at low speeds. and the central reactor between the two, which has a one-way clutch called a freewheel.Īcting on the hydraulic fluid via the impeller vanes transmits the torque, or turning effort, to the turbine. The converter has three main components - the ![]() Without change of speed or direction of rotation, the sun is locked to the ring gear and the whole unit turns as one.Ĭonverter is a fluid coupling that acts like a With power input going to the sun gear and with the planet carrier locked, the ring gear is driven, but transmits drive in reverse. If the ring gear is locked and the sun gear is driven, the planet gears transmit drive through the planet carrier and speed is reduced. , the output is taken from the ring gear, achieving a speed increase. If the sun gear is locked and the planets driven by the , which acts as a fluid drive between the ), and two or three gears known as planet gears that rotate between the sun and ring gears. Set consists of a central gear called the Called a planetary or epicyclic gear train. ![]()
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